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THE WEEKLY PARSHA

CHUKAT

[ Dvar Torah ] [ Passages on Prayer ]
[ Stories of the Sages ] [ Education ]

(Taken from a weekly publication of Hammaayan Institutes.
Translated by Rabbi Shabtai Teicher)

THE WEEKLY PARSHA
In this week's parsha we learn about the mitzvah of the red heifer. It is the classical example of a "chok," a statute decreed by G-d, and the understanding of it is beyond human comprehension. Concerning this chok it is taught that G-d said, "I have decreed it, and you do not have permission to question it."

One of the most astonishing aspects of this mitzvah is the water into which the ashes of the burned heifer were placed. This water was called the "purifying water." When it was sprinkled upon a person, it had the ability to purify him from defilement derived from contact with a dead human body. However, the water itself was spiritually impure. Anyone who came into contact with it, and who did not need it to be purified, became spiritually defiled, as if he had touched a reptile or someone who had been defiled by contact with a dead body.

We want to attempt to understand something about the peculiar nature of the laws of the red heifer, how the same thing can both purify and defile. Although we do not have the right to question the mitzvah, we can try to give an explanation of the meaning of the mitzvah. This is like the seasoning which is put on food to enrich its taste in order to enhance desire and appetite for it.

The root of "tuma" (spiritual impurity) is pride. A person who is proud separates himself from G-d. In place of G-d, he counts himself. He says, "...My power and the strength of my hand has made for me all this valor" (Dueteronomy 8:17). On the other hand, G-d says about the haughty person, "He and I cannot exist in the same place."

The type of independent existence imagined by the proud for themselves is the opposite of G-d's glory which fills the entire earth. The glory of G-d effaces the definition of everything else. It is, so to speak, absorbed into the awesome light of G-d's glory and disappears. In the place of G-d nothing else exists.

The contradiction between the glory of G-d, on the one hand, and self-identity, on the other hand, produces the concept of spiritual impurity. This is further indicated by the numerical value of the Hebrew word for "I" which is "ani". The numerical value is 65, the same as the Hebrew word "tuma," spiritual impurity. In other words, the more "I" that is around, then the less is G-d's glory revealed, and that is the root of spiritual impurity - tuma.

Conversely, the opposite of defilement is purity whose basis is the idea of "bitul" or spiritual nullification before G-d. Then the revelation of G-d's glory is maximized, and the "I" is minimized. This implies, furthermore, return into the source of being, into the Creator, and a human being who achieves bitul thus becomes another aspect of the revelation of G-d's glory.

It has also been explained that the same idea is revealed in the form of immersion in a mikvah. When a person immerses entirely and is hidden, so to speak, by the water, it is as if he has returned into his source and has disappeared within it. That is why, according to our explanation, it has the power to purify.

Concerning the mitzvah of the red heifer it is written, "The priest shall take cedar wood, and hyssop, and a scarlet thread, and throw them into the burning of the heifer" (Numbers 19:6). Although there is no explanation for this particular aspect of the ritual, there is one other place where the Torah prescribes a very similar ceremony. When a leper (metzora) comes to be purified, the Torah commands the priest to take for him "...two living birds, cedar wood, a string of scarlet and hyssop" (Leviticus 14:4). Chazal have explained that the cause of leprosy is pride, whereas the hyssop is a lowly plant. Thus, it indicates subjugation and nullification of pride, the source of the leper's affliction and defilement. Also, the Hebrew word for "scarlet thread" is "tola'at" which also means "worm," another indication of lowliness and the breaking of pride.

Purification of the leper is an antidote to pride, and the similar ceremony involved in preparing the red heifer also alludes to this same exact purpose.

Furthermore, as we have seen, many aspects of the mitzvah of the red heifer are opposites to normal, human logic. The water and the ashes defile a person who is pure who touches them, but sprinkled upon a person who is defiled, it purifies him. In short, it purifies the impure, and defiles the pure.

When a person comes into contact and follows the rules of something which contradicts his normal, human logic, then he is abandoning one of the most important factors maintaining his normal self-identity. He is subjugating his mind to the Divine command, to an incomprehensible logic, higher and more exalted than himself. There is no greater bitul and nullification of self-identity than this. And this act, itself, is a cause for his return into the state of purity.

King Shlomoh said concerning the reason for the red heifer, "...I said that I would be wise, but it is far away from me" (Ecclesiasties 7:23). When King Shlomoh thought that he would become wise to understand the reason how the ashes of the red heifer purify a person, then he finally realized that the attempt to grasp it with his human intellect was self-defeating and only made the reason for the mitzvah further away from his understanding. It was then that he realized, "There is no wisdom except Your wisdom. There is no understanding except Your understanding. Your greatness cannot be investigated, and Your comprehension is numberless." And only then did he understand the meaning of the red heifer.

With this insight we can also understand what Chazal expounded on the verse, "...They shall take for you an unblemished red heifer" (Numbers 19:2). Rebbe Yose the son of Rebbe Chanina said, "G-d said to Moshe, `I will reveal the reason for the heifer to you, but for everyone else it will be a chok.'" Since Moshe was the most humble person who ever lived, he could understand the reason for the red heifer.

THE PRAYERS OF OUR MOUTH

"To Yerushalayim, Your city, return in mercy...."

The Levush writes that this is the fourteenth blessing of the Amidah prayer which is sealed, "...Build Yerushalayim."

The Men of the Great Assembly fixed this bracha in correspondence to the angels who praised "Blessed are You, G-d, who builds Yerushalayim" when Shlomoh built the Holy Temple.

This bracha was fixed to follow the one that talks about the support and strength of the righteous tzadikim. This is because the real exaltation of the tzadikim takes place in Yerushalayim, as it is written, "Ask for the peace of Yerushalayim; those that love you shall prosper" (Psalms 122:6).

On the ninth of Av we add in it the prayer, "G-d, console the mourners of Zion...."

The Ye'arot Devash writes that this blessing and the one that follows it, "Tzemach David -- May the sprout of Your servant David grow...," need to be said with uninterrupted tears flowing down for the Temple and for the return of the glory of the House of David. These are the ultimate achievements of human perfection. If we do not have Yerushalayim and the Davidic Kingdom, then why are we alive?

Yerushalayim is called the Throne of G-d. The throne of Shlomoh's kingdom was also called the the Throne of G-d, as it is written, "Shlomoh sat on the throne of G-d..." (I Chronicles 29:23). It was also constructed in the likeness of the "supernal vehicle."

The angels cry and lament day and night over the destruction of Yerushalayim. They will not be still, and they are among the mourners of Zion. Therefore, how can we stay quiet and not cry over the desecration of G-d's Name which took place when Yerushalayim was destroyed and the Kingdom of the House of David was lost? Everyone must say in his heart, "G-d, I am giving my life for the sanctification of Your Name. If I am not worthy to see the construction of Zion and the return of the Davidic Kingdom, which would sanctify Your Name, then let me die to sanctify Your Name and I shall not see the lack of the building of Yerushalayim and the failure of the glory of David to sprout forth. Have mercy upon Your children who are humiliated and discarded in the exile, who suffer for the unity and sanctity of Your Name."

STORIES OF THE SAGES

"...They cried for Aharon for thirty days, the entire House of Israel" (Numbers 21:29). Chazal have explained concerning this verse that both the men and the women cried for Aharon, because he sought peace, and encouraged love between people who were fighting, and between man and wife.

One of the wealthy women of the community of Yassi, Roumania, once came to the Rav of the city, Rabbi Yisrael Gutman, z"l. He could see bitterness in her face, and he could hear it in her voice. She said, "Rebbe, I cannot bear the troubles my husband causes me. I can't take it anymore. I will not leave here until the Rebbe promises to arrange for me a divorce."

"Okay, I will arrange the divorce," the Rebbe said in an appeasing tone, "but you must fulfill one condition according to my instruction."

She said, "What is it?"

The Rebbe said, "You must go every Friday before Shabbat to the houses of the poor in the city to distribute to them bread and meat in honor of the Shabbat. After one month I will arrange the divorce."

The woman agreed, and left. After one month she did not return to the Rabbi. The Rebbe sent for her, and asked why she did not return to him after one month?

She answered, "On the merit of the Rebbe's wisdom I have seen things differently. When I went to the houses of the poor I saw there real problems. I saw that these people have problems much worse than mine, and I decided not to divorce."

EDUCATING OUR CHILDREN

A MOTHER'S TEARS

A woman should be scrupulous to pray morning, afternoon and evening. At the end of her prayers, her main supplication should be for her sons and daughters. She should ask that they become people who fear G-d, and that her sons should succeed in their Torah study. The main merit of a woman in the world to come is accomplished when her children serve G-d, do His Will and fear Him. When she is in her eternal home and her children have fear of G-d in their hearts, and they study Torah and do mitzvot, then it is considered as if she is doing all these mitzvot in her lifetime, and this is one of the most supreme rewards in all the world to come.

(Egeret Teshuvah, Rabbenu Yonah, 79)

When a woman gives charity, she should pray in that same moment with clean hands that her children should become people who fear G-d, and that they should succeed in Torah and mitzvot. The prayers of a person are especially acceptable when they are doing a mitzvah.

(ibid., 80)

Lighting the candles of Shabbat is a mitzvah obligatory upon women. At the time of lighting a woman should pray that her children should emanate the light of Torah. Prayer is more acceptable at the time when a person is doing a mitzvah, and on the merit of Shabbat candles, which is light, she will merit to children adept in Torah, which is light, as it is written, "Because the mitzvah is a candle, and the Torah is light..." (Proverbs 6:23).

(The commentary of Rabbenu Bechayay to Parshat Yitro, on the verse, "...Thus shall you say to the house of Ya'akov" [Exodus 19:3], quoted in the Mishnah Berurah, 263:2)

It must be said that merit does very much, and prayer does very much. This is contrary to what people think when they say that teaching and educating youth in Torah, mitzvot and the way of G-d is only dependent upon the father. They say, further, that one who grows up with his father will grow into a respectable person because his father will teach him beneficial things, whereas this will not be the case for someone who does not have a father or who grows up far away from him. However, this is not the way.

We have seen many people whose fathers and mothers left them, yet they became perfect sages. Also, many have grown up with their fathers, but they did not learn from their fathers' good deeds or absorbed their ways. This is because it depends upon merit, and supplications to G-d to give offspring who are righteous tzadikim serving G-d, who will go with Him, and ascend levels of perfection and adeptness.

(The commentary of the Alshich to I Samuel 2:12)

When the old copy of Psalms which belonged to the mother of the Chofetz Chaim, the tzadeket, was brought to him, he was very moved and began to cry. He said, "Do you realize how many tears my mother spilled before G-d unto this book in order that her son should become a good Jew?"

The gaon Rabbi Eliezer Man Shach said that a special merit is required in order for a book to succeed and be accepted by the public; and sometimes it is accomplished by the tears and supplications of the author's mother.

The Kehilot Ya'akov said that sometimes we see a great talmid chacham and tzadik who has come from a very simple home. This is because one of his grandmothers had poured from her heart tears and prayers that her descendants should merit to Torah. If this did not help for her sons, then it helps for her grandchildren. The first generation that issued from this grandmother had not yet seen her grandchildren. They thought, on the basis of their near-sighted vision, that her prayers were useless and lost, G-d forbid. In the end it became clear that no prayer goes unanswered. If it was not answered immediately, then it will be answered in the time of her children or grandchildren.

(Sefer Sichot Chaim, and see further in Chayay Olam, Pt.1, Ch.28, which was also written by the Kehilot Ya'akov)

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